Base station router for distributed antenna systems

ABSTRACT

Certain aspects are directed to a base station router disposed in a distributed antenna system. The base station router includes a backplane and a controller. The backplane can manage an availability of sectors for coverage zones. Each sector can include communication channels to be radiated to mobile devices in the coverage zones and can represent an amount of telecommunication capacity. The controller can respond to a traffic indicator by causing the backplane to redistribute the availability of at least one sector. The sector can be redistributed from a first coverage zone to a second coverage zone.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/546,425 entitled “BASE STATION ROUTER FORDISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS”, filed on Jul. 11, 2012 (currently pending)which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No.61/506,363, filed Jul. 11, 2011 and titled “Intelligent Point ofInterface for Distributed Antenna Systems,” both of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates generally to telecommunications and, moreparticularly (although not necessarily exclusively), to a base stationrouter for distributed antenna systems.

BACKGROUND

A distributed antenna system (“DAS”) can be used to extend the coverageof a cellular communication system. For example, a DAS can extendcoverage to areas of traditionally low signal coverage within buildings,tunnels, or in areas obstructed by terrain features. Cellularcommunication systems can include the capability to provide dataservices via a DAS. In locations with a higher density of wirelessdevices, such as stadiums, sport arenas, or similar venues, the signalcapacity needed to provide signal coverage to different physical areascan change over time. Providing extra signal capacity to supply themaximum capacity to each section in a location with varying numbers ofwireless devices or other mobile units can be associated withprohibitively high costs.

Systems that can connect one or more base stations to one or more DAS'sto distribute signal capacity adaptively are therefore desirable.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a base station router disposed in a distributed antennasystem is provided. The base station router includes a backplane and acontroller. The backplane can manage an availability of sectors forcoverage zones. Each sector can include communication channels to beradiated to mobile devices in the coverage zones and can represent anamount of telecommunication capacity. The controller can respond to atraffic indicator by causing the backplane to redistribute theavailability of at least one sector. The sector can be redistributedfrom a first coverage zone to a second coverage zone.

In another aspect, a distributed antenna system is provided. Thedistributed antenna system includes a first remote antenna unit, asecond remote antenna unit, and a base station router. The first remoteantenna unit can wirelessly communicate with mobile devices located in afirst coverage zone. The second remote antenna unit can wirelesslycommunicate with mobile devices located in a second coverage zone. Thebase station router can distribute an availability of a sector to thefirst remote antenna unit and the second remote antenna unit. The sectorcan include communication channels and represent an amount oftelecommunication capacity. The base station router can redistribute theavailability of the sector from the first remote antenna unit to thesecond remote antenna unit in response to detecting a traffic indicator.

In another aspect, a method is provided. The method involvesdistributing an availability of a sector to a first coverage zone. Thesector includes communication channels and represents an amount oftelecommunication capacity. The method also involves receiving a trafficindicator. The method also involves, in response to receiving thetraffic indicator, redistributing the availability of the sector fromthe first coverage zone to a second coverage zone.

These illustrative aspects and features are mentioned not to limit ordefine the invention, but to provide examples to aid understanding ofthe inventive concepts disclosed in this disclosure. Other aspects,advantages, and features of the present invention will become apparentafter review of the entire disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a distributed antenna system having a basestation router according to one aspect.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a base station router with an interfacesection, an output section, and a backplane according to one aspect.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a controller for configuring a base stationrouter according to one aspect.

FIG. 4 is a modeling diagram of a first configuration of a base stationrouter providing sectors to coverage zones according to one aspect.

FIG. 5 is a modeling diagram of a second configuration of a base stationrouter providing sectors to coverage zones according to one aspect.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of interconnected base station routersaccording to one aspect.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a base station router configured tocommunicate with other base station routers according to one aspect.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a base station router having a spectrumanalyzer according to one aspect.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a base station router having a zoneinterface card with a reference receiver input according to one aspect.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Certain aspects and examples are directed to a base station router, suchas a base station sector router, that can be disposed in a distributedantenna system (“DAS”) and that can redistribute capacity among coveragezones serviced by the DAS. A DAS can include a unit, such as a basestation router, in communication with carrier systems, such as basestations of cellular service providers. Redistributing capacity caninclude modifying the distribution of sectors to coverage zones of theDAS. A sector can include one or more telecommunication channels to beradiated to mobile devices in coverage zones or otherwise distributed tothe coverage zones, thereby providing telecommunication capacity in thecoverage zones. The sector can be distributed without furthersubdivision.

The base station router can provide one or more signals, such as analogRF signals or digitized RF signals, over one or more communicationchannels, such as (but not limited to) a serial link, to a set of remoteantenna units in the coverage zone. A set of remote antenna units caninclude one or more antenna units.

In some aspects, the base station router can include features of anintelligent point of interface (“I-POI”) system. A POI system caninclude a device or group of devices configured to interface directlywith a base station or a group of base stations. Such devices caninclude (but are not limited to) a signal leveler, a signal attenuator,a signal splitter, a signal combiner, a receive-and-transmit signalcombiner, a splitter, a multiplexer, and the like. An i-POI system canprovide an intelligent interface for communicating with a base stationor group of base stations. Providing an intelligent interface caninclude controlling the leveling or attenuation based on base stationsignal conditions. An intelligent interface can also include analyzingincoming signals and determination of system level parameters based onthe analysis.

A coverage zone can include one or more remote antenna units thatprovide signal coverage to an area. The remote antenna units in acoverage zone can communicate with the base station router over a link.Examples of such a link can include (but are not limited to) a seriallink, a digital link, an analog link, etc. The remote antenna units canwirelessly communicate the signals from the base station router towireless devices positioned in a coverage zone.

The base station router can redistribute capacity by changing whichsectors are provided to which coverage zones. A sector can represent anamount of telecommunication capacity that can be allocated to wirelessdevices in one or more coverage zones. Increasing the bandwidthassociated with a sector can increase the capacity represented by thesector. A sector can include one or more analog RF channels or digitalsignals representing RF channels, signals in one or more analog ordigital RF bands, and/or one or more multiple-input and multiple-output(“MIMO”) data streams.

The signals of a sector can be provided to a coverage zone via the basestation router. The signals of a sector can also be distributed to twoor more coverage zones providing coverage to a physical area. All of thesignals of a sector can be radiated by the remote antenna units of oneor more coverage zones included in a physical area.

In some aspects, a first coverage zone can partially overlap a secondcoverage zone. The base station router can redistribute capacity suchthat the capacity requirements or capacity density match the providedcapacity. In other aspects, a first coverage zone can be a subdivisionof a second coverage zone. The base station router can distributecapacity to subdivide a larger cell into smaller cells. In otheraspects, a first coverage zone and a second coverage zone may notoverlap. Capacity can be redistributed in whole or in part from thefirst coverage zone to the second coverage zone based on the secondcoverage zone having a greater capacity requirement (i.e., a largernumber of mobile devices).

Increasing the number of coverage zones to which a sector is distributedcan decrease the capacity density of each coverage zone. Decreasing thenumber of coverage zones to which a sector is distributed can increasethe capacity density of each zone. The level of the capacity density candetermine how many mobile devices can use telecommunication services andcapacity in a given coverage zone. In some aspects, a maximum capacitydensity can be achieved by distributing the sector to a minimum sizecoverage zone. A non-limiting example of a minimum size coverage zone isa single remote unit or a single antenna unit.

The base station router can shift capacity by reducing the number ofcoverage zones to which a sector is distributed. By distributing thesector to fewer coverage zones (and thus a smaller physical area), thecapacity density (i.e., the capacity per physical area) is increased.The number of coverage zones to which a base station router distributessectors can be greater than or equal to the number of sectorsdistributed by the base station router.

An example of shifting capacity can include modifying the respectivecapacity in two coverage zones. More wireless devices may beconcentrated in a first zone than are concentrated in a second coveragezone. The base station router can sub-divide a combined coverage zoneincluding both the first coverage zone and the second coverage zone. Thebase station router can shift the distribution of capacity between thetwo coverage zones such that the capacity is distributed only to thefirst coverage zone rather than the combined first and second coveragezones.

Sectors from base stations associated with different telecommunicationssystem operators can be distributed to one or more common coveragezones. The base station router can allocate the respective capacities ofdifferent telecommunications system operators among coverage zones suchthat different capacity densities are associated with differenttelecommunication system operators within a specific coverage zone. Forexample, four sectors of a first telecommunication system operator maybe distributed among six coverage zones and two sectors of a secondtelecommunication system operator may be distributed among the same sixcoverage zones. The capacity density for the first telecommunicationsystem operator thus exceeds the capacity density for the secondtelecommunication system operator in the same physical area thatincludes the six coverage zones.

A base station router can include donor interface cards, a backplane,and zone interface cards. A donor interface card can interface with abase station for bi-directional communication of sector signals and canprovide the signals of a sector to the backplane. The backplane canroute signals from donor cards to one or more zone interface cards. Thebase station router can provide signals of a sector via the zoneinterface card to one or more remote antenna units in a coverage zone.The communication with the backplane can include using either analogsignals formats or digital signal formats. In some aspects, the routingfunction can be implemented on each zone interface card by a selectionmechanism from multiple signals provided by the backplane. In otheraspects, the routing function can be implemented by a selectionmechanism residing on the backplane. The routing function can bepre-determined, configurable by an operator, or configurable by analgorithm executed by a processing device.

A base station router can also determine the location of a specificwireless device within the environment of the DAS. The base stationrouter can communicate with a base station to determine an identifierfor the specific wireless device. The base station router can alsodetermine a channel over which the specific wireless device iscommunicating. A channel can include a connection, such as a transmitand receive frequency, over which a wireless device and a base stationcan communicate via the DAS. The base station router can determine acoverage zone to which the channel is being provided and a specificremote antenna unit in a coverage zone that is associated with thewireless device. The base station router can determine which remoteantenna unit is associated with the wireless device by determining thereceived signal strength indicator (“RSSI”) of an uplink signal from thewireless device at each remote antenna unit. The remote antenna unitassociated with the wireless device receives the uplink signal at thestrongest RSSI. The base station router can access a data file thatincludes the location of each remote antenna unit to determine, based onwhich remote antenna unit is communicating with the wireless device, thelocation of the wireless device.

A base station router can also include a separate interface card forconnecting the base station router to another base station router in theDAS. Interconnecting multiple base station routers can increase thenumber of coverage zones supported by a sector. The interconnectionsbetween multiple base station routers can use different media. Examplesof interconnections between base station routers can include (but arenot limited to) wired connections, optical connections, free-air paths,etc. Examples of wired connections can include (but are not limited to)coaxial cables and twisted pair cables. Examples of optical connectionscan include optical fiber or other optical guides. Examples of free-airpaths can include using radiated RF signals or radiated optical signals.

Detailed descriptions of these illustrative examples are discussedbelow. These illustrative examples are given to introduce the reader tothe general subject matter discussed here and are not intended to limitthe scope of the disclosed concepts. The following sections describevarious examples with reference to the drawings in which like numeralsindicate like elements, and directional descriptions are used todescribe the illustrative examples but, like the illustrative examples,should not be used to limit the present invention.

FIG. 1 depicts a DAS 10 having a base station router 14 in communicationwith base stations 12 a-n and with remote antenna units 18 a-p ofcoverage zones 16 a-f. The DAS 10 can be positioned in an area, such asa stadium, office building or other confined environments, to extendwireless communication coverage of the base stations 12 a-n. Differentbase stations 12 a-n can be associated with different sectors of onetelecommunication system operator and/or be associated with differentsectors of different telecommunication system operators.

In the downlink direction, the DAS 10 can receive signals from the basestations 12 a-n via a wired or wireless communication medium. Downlinksignals can include signals provided from the base stations 12 a-n andradiated into the coverage zones 16 a-f by the remote antenna units 18a-p. The downlink signals received by the base station router 14 can beassociated with one or more sectors from the base stations 12 a-n.

The base station router 14 can communicate sectors between the basestations 12 a-n and the coverage zones 16 a-f. Each of the coveragezones 16 a-f can correspond to a physical area within the environment ofthe DAS 10. The DAS 10 can distribute a sector to a single physical areathat includes multiple coverage zones. The remote antenna units in thecoverage zones of the physical area can radiate the signals of thesector distributed to the physical area. In some aspects, a remoteantenna unit can include signal processing circuitry. In other aspects,a remote antenna unit can be an antenna without any additionalcircuitry.

The base station router 14 can include circuitry for processing thesignals communicated between the base stations 12 a-n and the coveragezones 16 a-f. Processing the signals can include transforming thesignals received from the base stations 12 a-n into a digital format.Processing the signals can also include filtering downlink signals fromthe base stations 12 a-n.

The base station router 14 can also include circuitry for routingsignals from the base stations 12 a-n to the remote antenna units 16a-f. Routing the signals can include combining the signals of thesectors from one or more base stations 12 a-n. In some aspects, the basestation router 14 can combine signals from multiple sectors associatedwith a common telecommunication system operator if the signals areassociated with different frequency bands or different non-overlappingsegments of the same RF band. Routing the signals can also includetransforming the signals into a format used by the remote antenna units(e.g., analog RF signals), and providing the combined signals to theremote antenna units for specific coverage zones.

In some aspects, the base station router 14 can communicate with boththe base stations 12 a-n and the remote antenna units 18 a-p usinganalog RF signals. The base station router 14 can transform analog RFsignals from the base stations 12 a-n into digital signals forprocessing, such as by routing the digital signals and combining thedigital signals together. The base station router can transform thedigital signals into analog RF signals before providing the signals tothe remote antenna units 18 a-p.

In other aspects, the base station router 14 can communicate digitalsignals with the base stations 12 a-n and communicate analog RF signalswith the remote antenna units 18 a-p. Processing signals from the basestations 12 a-n can include converting signals in one digital formatused by the base stations 12 a-n into a different digital format used bythe base station router 14. For example, the base station router 14 mayconvert digital signals in different standardized formats, such asCommon Public Radio Interface (“CPRI”) or Open Radio Equipment Interface(“ORI”), to a common digital format to process the signals.

In other aspects, the base station router 14 can communicate digitalsignals with the remote antenna units 18 a-p. Processing signals fromthe base stations 12 a-n can include converting signals in one digitalformat used by the base stations 12 a-n into a different digital formatused by the remote antenna units 18 a-p.

For example, a base station router 14 communicating with remote antennaunits 18 a-p may receive downlink signals that are digital signals indifferent standardized formats from the base stations 12 a-n. The basestation router 14 can convert the downlink signals to digital datastreams in a common format and combine the digital data streams into acombined digital data stream. The base station router 14 can provide thecombined digital data stream to the remote antenna units 18 a-p. Sectorsprovided as MIMO data streams, for example, can be combined with otherdigital data streams and provided to a common remote antenna unit. Theremote antenna units 18 a-p can de-multiplex the combined digital datastream into digital data streams representing individual downlinksignals. The remote antenna units 18 a-p can convert the digital datastreams signals to downlink analog RF signals and radiate the downlinkanalog RF signals to the wireless devices. For each downlink signal, thebase station router 14 can receive a reference clock signal from thebase station at which the downlink signal originated. The base stationrouter can use the reference clock signal to synchronize the remoteantenna units 18 a-p radiating a downlink signal with the base stationproviding the downlink signal.

In other aspects, the base station router 14 can receive downlinksignals that are analog signals from base stations 12 a-n. The analogsignals can include MIMO signals as streams, or more than one sector ofthe same operator in the same band segment of the same RF band. At leastone of the signals, which may be a second stream of a MIMO signal or asecond sector, can be translated in frequency in the base station router14, and transported over the same communication link as a first signal.A remote antenna unit may be associated with circuitry that cantranslate the second stream of the MIMO signal or the second sector backto an original frequency. If the signal is the second MIMO stream, thesignal can be radiated with the other streams on the same antennaelement. If the signal is the second sector, the signal can be radiatedby a separate antenna element. A reference clock signal can be providedby the base station router 14 to the DAS 10 to allow the circuitryassociated with the remote antenna unit to be synchronized in frequencywith the first conversion of the signal.

The coverage zones 16 a-f can include the areas to which the DAS 10extends signal coverage of the base stations 12 a-n. For example, if theDAS 10 is positioned in a stadium, the coverage zones 16 a-f maycorrespond to different sections of the stadium and the parking lotsurrounding the stadium. In another example, if the DAS 10 is positionedin an office building, each of the coverage zones 16 a-f may correspondto a different floor of the building.

Each of the coverage zones 16 a-f can each include one or more remoteantenna units 18 a-p. The remote antenna units 18 a-p can service anumber of different wireless devices, such as cellular phones, operatingin the environment of the DAS 10. The remote antenna units of aparticular coverage zone can receive the same group of signals from thebase station router 14. The remote antenna units in the coverage zonecan radiate the group of signals, such as a sector, received from thebase station router 14 to the coverage zone. The remote antenna units 18a-p can communicate with the base station router 14 via anycommunication medium capable of carrying signals between the basestation router 14 and the remote antenna units 18 a-p. Examples of asuitable communication medium include copper wire (such as a coaxialcable), optical fiber, and microwave or optical link. The link cantransport the signals in analog or in digitized form. As depicted inFIG. 1, different coverage zones can include different numbers of remoteantenna units.

In some aspects, the remote antenna units 18 a-p can receive analog RFsignals from the base station router 14. In other aspects, the remoteantenna units 18 a-p can each be configured to receive digital signalsfrom the base station router 14 and convert the digital signals toanalog RF signals prior to radiating the signals to wireless devices inthe coverage zone. The base station router 14 can also generate controlsignals to control and configure the remote antenna units 18 a-p. Thecontrol signals can be combined with downlink signals provided to theremote antenna units 18 a-p.

In the uplink direction, the base station router can receive uplinksignals from remote antenna units 18 a-p. Uplink signals can includesignals received from wireless devices in the coverage zones 16 a-f. Thebase station router 14 can process uplink signals received from theremote antenna units 18 a-p. Processing the uplink signals can includeconverting the uplink signals to a digital format, filtering the digitaluplink signals, adding uplink signals from different zones, and routing.The digital uplink signals can be converted to a format compatible witha given base station, such as analog RF or a standardized digitalformat, and routed to the base station communicating with the respectivewireless devices in a coverage zone.

FIG. 2 depicts an example base station router 14 having an interfacesection 101, an output section 103, and a backplane 104. The interfacesection 101 can include donor interface cards 102 a-n. The outputsection 103 can include zone interface cards 106 a-n.

In the downlink direction, the donor interface cards 102 a-n cantransform signals received from the base stations 12 a-n, such as RFsignals, into one or more digital data streams. A digital data streamcan include a series of digital samples representing a signal. In someaspects, transforming the signals received from the base stations 12 a-ncan include separately converting analog RF signals into digital datastreams by separate analog-to-digital converters. In other aspects,transforming the signals can include converting digital signals indifferent standardized formats, such as CPRI or ORI data packets, fromdifferent base stations into a common digital format for processing atthe backplane 104. Certain systems and processes that can be used to doso are described in U.S. Ser. No. 13/493,060, filed Jun. 11, 2012 andtitled “Distributed Antenna System Interface for Processing DigitalSignals in a Standardized Format.”

In the uplink direction, the donor interface cards 102 a-n can transformdigital data streams into uplink signals to be provided to the basestations 12 a-n. The donor interface cards 102 a-n can also includecircuitry, such as band pass filters, for filtering downlink and uplinksignals. Filtering the downlink and uplink signals can eliminateundesirable signals. The filters of the donor interface cards 102 a-ncan pass desired signals within a frequency band and reject or attenuateundesirable signal components.

In the downlink direction, the digital data streams from the donorinterface cards 102 a-n can be provided to the backplane 104. Thebackplane 104 can include configurable digital signal processingcircuitry for processing signals from the donor interface cards 102 a-n.A non-limiting example of the configurable digital processing circuitryis a field-programmable Gate Array (“FPGA”). The backplane 104 cancombine the digital data streams into serialized data streams via theconfigurable digital signal processing circuitry. In some aspects, thebackplane 104 can include a multiplexor device configured for combiningthe digital data streams by multiplexing parallel digital data streamsinto a digital data stream. In other aspects, the backplane 104 caninclude a summing device configured for combining the digital datastreams by summing or adding digital data streams.

The combined data streams from the backplane 104 can be provided to thezone interface cards 106 a-n. The backplane 104 can also providecombined digital data streams representing the signals of multiplesectors to a single zone interface card. Each of the zone interfacecards 106 a-n can transform the combined data streams into downlinksignals to be provided to the remote antenna units of one or morecoverage zones. Each of the zone interface cards 106 a-n cansimultaneously provide the downlink signals to the remote antenna unitsof the respective coverage zones. In some aspects, the downlink signalscan include analog RF signals of sectors provided from base stations tobe radiated by the remote antenna units of a respective coverage zone.In other aspects, the downlink signals can include digital signals ofsectors provided from base stations to be provided to remote antennaunits of a respective coverage zone. The remote antenna units canconvert the digital signals to analog RF signals and radiate the RFsignals into the coverage zones.

In an uplink direction, the zone interface cards 106 a-n can receiveuplink signals from one or more remote antenna units. The uplink signalscan be converted to digital data streams and provided to the backplane104. The backplane 104 can combine the digital data streams intoserialized data streams via the configurable digital signal processingcircuitry. In some aspects, combining the digital data streams caninclude multiplexing parallel digital data streams into a digital datastream. In other aspects, combining the digital data streams can includesumming or adding digital data streams. The backplane 104 can route theappropriate digital data streams representing uplink signals to theappropriate donor interface card.

The base station router 14 can also include a controller 108. Thecontroller 108 can re-configure the configurable digital signalprocessing circuitry of the backplane 104 to change the routing ofsignals from the base stations 12 a-n to the coverage zone 16 a-f. Insome aspects, as depicted in FIG. 2, the controller 108 can be disposedin the base station router 14. In other aspects, the controller 108 canbe disposed in a separate device external to and in communication withthe base station router 14.

A block diagram of an example controller 108 is depicted in FIG. 3. Thecontroller 108 can include a processor 202 that can execute code storedon a computer-readable medium, such as a memory 204, to cause thecontroller 108 to configure the base station router 14. Non-limitingexamples of a processor 202 include a microprocessor, a peripheralinterface controller (“PIC”), an application-specific integrated circuit(“ASIC”), a field-programmable gate array (“FPGA”), or other suitableprocessor. The processor 202 may include one processor or any number ofprocessors.

The processor 202 can access code stored in memory 204 via a bus 206.The memory 204 may be any non-transitory computer-readable mediumcapable of tangibly embodying code and can include electronic, magnetic,or optical devices. Examples of memory 204 include random access memory(RAM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic disk, an ASIC, a configuredprocessor, or other storage device. The bus 206 may be any devicecapable of transferring data between components of the controller 108.The bus 206 can include one device or multiple devices.

Instructions can be stored in memory 204 as executable code. Theinstructions can include processor-specific instructions generated by acompiler and/or an interpreter from code written in any suitablecomputer-programming language, such as C, C++, C#, Visual Basic, Java,Python, Perl, JavaScript, and ActionScript.

The instructions can include a configuration engine 210. When executedby the processor 202, the configuration engine 210 can cause thecontroller 108 to redistribute capacity in the DAS 100, as explained inmore detail below. The controller 108 can receive data inputs throughinput/output (“I/O”) interface 208 and store in memory 204. Theconfiguration engine 210 can also provide data outputs via the I/Ointerface 208. The configuration engine 210 can also execute ascheduling algorithm.

The example configuration for the controller 108 is provided toillustrate configurations of certain aspects. Other configurations mayof course be utilized.

The processor 202 can communicate data describing the routing of signalsby the base station router 14. The data can be communicated via the I/Ointerface 208 through a graphical user interface or from an automationalgorithm stored in the memory 204 for determining the demand on each ofthe coverage zones.

The configuration engine 210 can include a configuration managementfunction for determining how to redistribute signal capacity amongcoverage zones. The configuration engine 210 can execute theconfiguration management function in response to the detection of atraffic indicator. A traffic indicator can include data describing orotherwise corresponding to a number of mobile devices in each coveragezone. Examples of a traffic indicator can include a scheduled event of agame, concert, or other type of event, a scheduled sequence of eventswith pre-game, game, and post-game configurations, traffic measurementspassing low or high thresholds, base transceiver station failure events,and loss of capacity due to high inter-sector interference. In someaspects, the controller 108 can detect traffic and perform measurementsindependent of a wireless network standard and protocol.

The configuration engine 210 can also include a report manager functionfor generating reports on traffic, spurious signals, usage, and othertypes of information. The processor 202 can execute the configurationengine 210 so as to configure the controller 108 to implement anyprocess for measuring uplink signals for traffic and other types ofinformation, and reporting the information. Certain systems andprocesses that can be used to do so are described in U.S. Ser. No.12/778,312, filed May 12, 2010 and titled “System and Method forDetecting and Measuring Uplink Traffic in Signal Repeating Systems.”

In some aspects, a base station router 14 can determine a location of aspecific wireless device within the environment in which the DAS 10 isdeployed. The base station router 14 can communicate with one of thebase stations 12 a-n to determine an identifier for the specificwireless device. For example, the configure engine 210 can configure theprocessor of the controller 108 to generate a request for such anidentifier to be provided to a base station. An identifier for awireless device can include any attributes of a communication linkbetween a base station and a wireless device used to identify thewireless device. For example, the identifier can include the transmitand receive frequencies assigned to a wireless device used in frequencydivision multiple access schemes, a communication time slot assigned tothe wireless device used in time division multiple access schemes,and/or a spreading code assigned to a wireless device in a code divisionmultiple access scheme.

The base station router 14 can determine a channel over which thespecific wireless device is communicating. The channel can include aconnection, such as a transmit and receive frequency or a band oftransmit and receive frequencies, over which a wireless device and abase station can communicate via the DAS. A sector of a base stationreceived by a donor card of the base station router 14 can include thechannel. The base station router 14 can determine a coverage zone towhich the channel is being provided by determining which sector includesthe channel and which coverage zone is receiving the sector. Forexample, the processor 202 can execute the configuration engine 210 toretrieve data describing the assignment of sectors to coverage zones andthe respective channels over which the respective sectors are providedto the coverage zones. FIGS. 4 and 5 depict a model of the base stationrouter 14 redistributing capacity among coverage zones 16 a-f. The basestation router 14 can receive signals from base stations 12 a-ncorresponding to sectors 302 a-c. The base station router 14 can providethe sectors 302 a-c to the respective coverage zones 16 a-f. Each of thecoverage zones 16 a-f can include a subset of the remote antenna units,depicted as darkened circles in FIGS. 4 and 5, of the DAS. Increasingthe number of coverage zones to which each of the sectors 302 a-c isdistributed can decrease the capacity density of the respective coveragezones. The base station router 14 can redistribute capacity by changingwhich sectors 302 a-c are provided to which coverage zones 16 a-f,respectively.

FIG. 4 depicts the base station router 14, according to an initialconfiguration, providing sectors 302 a-c to the coverage zones 16 a-f.The base station router 14 can be configured to communicate the signalsof sector 302 a to the coverage zones 16 a-d, the signals of sector 302b to the coverage zone 16 e, and the signals of sector 302 c to thecoverage zone 16 f. The capacity of sector 302 a is divided among thecoverage zones 16 a-d, while the entire capacity of sector 302 b isprovided to coverage zone 16 e and the entire capacity of sector 302 cis provided to coverage zone 16 f. Accordingly, the capacity density ofeach of the coverage zones 16 a-d is less than the capacity density ofeach of the coverage zones 16 e-f.

The signals of a sector can be divided among the coverage zones. Forexample, a first wireless device in the coverage zone 16 a maycommunicate using a first RF channel of sector 302 a and a secondwireless device in the coverage zone 16 a may communicate using a secondRF channel of sector 302 a. The first and second RF channels of thesector 302 a may be included in a common frequency band but bedistributed to different coverage areas.

For example, a DAS 10 may service a stadium and a parking lotsurrounding the stadium, with the coverage zones 16 a-d corresponding todifferent sections of the stadium and the coverage zones 16 e-fcorresponding to the parking lot. Before an event hosted in the stadiumbegins, fewer wireless devices may be concentrated in the stadium thanin the parking lot. The coverage zones 16 a-d may therefore require lesscapacity than the coverage zones 16 e, 16 f. Accordingly, the basestation router 14 can be configured to provide the sector 302 a to thecoverage zones 16 a-d, the sector 302 b to coverage zone 16 e, and thesector 302 c to coverage zone 16 f. Providing a single sector 302 a tothe coverage zones 16 a-d inside the stadium can provide sufficientcapacity density for each of the coverage zones 16 a-d. Providing thesectors 302 b, 302 c to the coverage zone 16 e inside the stadium canprovide sufficient capacity density for each of the coverage zones 16a-d.

The base station router 14 can be re-configured via the controller 108in response to changes concentration of wireless devices in therespective coverage zones. FIG. 5 depicts the base station router 14providing sectors 302 a-c to the coverage zones 16 a-f according to asubsequent configuration of the base station router 14. For example, ifthe DAS 10 services a stadium and the surrounding parking lot, morewireless devices will be concentrated inside the stadium than in theparking lot after an event begins. The base station router 14 can bereconfigured such that the sector 302 a is provided to the coverage zone16 a, the sector 302 b is provided to the coverage zones 16 b, 16 c, andthe sector 302 a is provided to the coverage zones 16 d-f. Theconfiguration of base station router 14 depicted in FIG. 5 thusincreases the capacity density of the coverage zones 16 a-d as comparedto the configuration of the base station router 14 depicted in FIG. 3.

Although FIGS. 4 and 5 depict three sectors provided to six coveragezones, multiple sectors can be provided to a single coverage zone. Forexample, the signals of a first sector associated with a firsttelecommunication system operator and the signals of a second sectorassociated with a second telecommunication system operator can becombined and distributed to the same coverage zone or group of coveragezones. The number of coverage zones to which a base station routerdistributes sectors can be greater than or equal to the number ofsectors distributed by the base station router.

FIG. 6 depicts an aspect of a DAS 10′ that includes a base stationrouter 14 a in communication with other base station routers 14 b, 14 c.The interconnected base station routers 14 a-c can communicate via anysuitable communication medium, such as (but not limited to) copper cableor optical link. The base station router 14 a can provide the sectorsreceived by the base station router 14 a to the base station routers 14b, 14 c. The sectors can be provided as digital data streams. Byproviding digital data streams to the base station routers 14 b, 14 crepresenting the sectors received by the base station router 14 a, theDAS 10′ can be expanded to provide coverage to a larger environmentwithout requiring additional connections between the base stations 12a-n and the base station routers 14 b, 14 c.

FIG. 7 depicts an example base station router 14′ having an outputsection 103′ that includes one or more base station router interfacecards 402 a-n. The base station router 14′ can communicate with otherbase station routers via the base station router interface cards 402a-n. The base station router 14′ can either provide sectors to coveragezones via the zone interface cards 106 a-n or provide sectors to otherbase station routers via one or more base station router interface cards402 a-n. Examples of the base station router interface cards 402 a-n caninclude copper or optical interface cards.

In additional or alternative aspects, a base station router can includea spectrum analyzer. FIG. 8 depicts an example base station router 14″having a spectrum analyzer 502 that can analyze uplink and downlinksignals. In some aspects, the spectrum analyzer 502 can be a separatedevice disposed in the base station router 14″, as depicted in FIG. 8.In other aspects, the spectrum analyzer 502 can be disposed in one ormore of the donor interface cards 102 a-n, the backplane 104, and/or thezone interface cards 106 a-n.

The spectrum analyzer 502 can determine the frequencies of the componentsignals included in the uplink and downlink signals. The spectrumanalyzer 502 can store data representing the spectrum of uplink anddownlink signals in a memory. The memory can be the memory 208 of thecontroller 108 or an external memory device accessible by the controller108 via the I/O interface 208. The controller 108 can use the spectrumof the uplink and downlink signals for additional processing of theuplink and downlink signals. Additional processing can includedetermining the frequencies being used in a respective coverage zone.The controller 108 can use data describing the frequencies in therespective coverage zones to determine whether to redistribute thecapacity of the DAS. Additional processing can also include identifyingspurious signals or other undesirable signals, such as noise recoveredby the remote antenna units that can distort uplink signals, that can beremoved or otherwise filtered using programmable band pass filtersdisposed in the base station router.

In additional or alternative aspects, each of the zone interface cards106 a-n can include one or more reference receiver inputs. FIG. 9depicts a block diagram of the base station router 14 having zoneinterface card 106′ with a reference receiver input 602.

The zone interface card 106′ can communicate via the reference receiverinput 602 with a detection device 604 communicatively coupled to each ofthe remote antenna units included in a coverage zone, such as the remoteantenna units 18 a-c of the coverage zone 16 a. In some aspects, thedetection device 604 can be a switch matrix that can allow a connectionto the signals of individual remote antenna units prior to the signalsbeing combined.

By communicating via the reference receiver input 602 with a detectiondevice 604, the base station router 14 can detect the geographiclocation of a particular wireless device in a coverage zone of the DAS10. The detection device 604 can determine the RSSI of an uplink signalfrom the wireless device at each remote antenna unit. The base stationrouter 14 can communicate with the detection device 604 to identifywhich remote antenna unit receives the uplink signal at the strongestRSSI. The base station router 14 can determine that the remote antennaunit receiving the uplink signal at the strongest RSSI is the remoteantenna unit associated with the wireless device. The processor 202 ofthe controller 108 base station router 14 can access a data file storedin the memory 204. The data file can include data describing thegeographical location of each remote antenna unit. The processor 202 candetermine the geographical location of the wireless device from the datafile based on the geographical location of the remote antenna unit thatis associated with the wireless device.

The reference receiver input 602 can also provide an output monitoringfunction for RF or laser pre-distortion. The base station router 14 canprovide an identifier for a wireless device, such as a timeslot orspreading code, to the detection device 604 via the reference receiverinput 604 of the zone interface card associated with the zone to whichthe channel is being provided. The detection device 604 can determinewhich of the remote antenna units receives uplink signals according tothe attributes specified in the identifier for the wireless device, suchas the time slot or spreading code.

Although a single zone interface card 106′ is depicted in FIG. 9, thebase station router 14 can include any number of zone interface cards.Although the zone interface card 106′ is depicted as having a singlereference receiver input 602, the zone interface card 106′ can includeany number of receiver inputs.

The foregoing description, including illustrated examples, of theinvention has been presented only for the purpose of illustration anddescription and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit theinvention to the precise forms disclosed. Numerous modifications,adaptations, and uses thereof will be apparent to those skilled in theart without departing from the scope of this invention. Aspects andfeatures from each example disclosed can be combined with any otherexample.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A base station router configured to bedisposed in a distributed antenna system, the base station routercomprising: a first interface device configured to receive sectors froma base station, each sector comprising a plurality of communicationchannels to be radiated to mobile devices in coverage zones managed bythe base station router and representing an amount of telecommunicationcapacity for communicating information between the mobile devices andthe base station; digital signal processing circuitry configured tomanage an availability of the sectors for the coverage zones; a secondinterface device configured to communicate with an another deviceconfigured to manage an additional availability of additional sectorsfor additional coverage zones; and a controller configured to:redistribute the availability of at least one sector from a firstcoverage zone of the coverage zones managed by the base station routerto a second coverage zone of the coverage zones managed by the basestation router; and redistribute, via the second interface device, theavailability of at least one additional sector from the received sectorsbetween at least one of the coverage zones managed by the base stationrouter and at least one of the additional coverage zones managed by theanother device, wherein redistributing the availability of the at leastone additional sector decreases a capacity density of at least onecoverage zone managed by the base station router and increases acapacity density of at least one additional coverage zone managed by theanother device.
 2. The base station router of claim 1, wherein eachcommunication channel corresponds to a signal configured to carry data.3. The base station router of claim 1, wherein the plurality ofcommunication channels comprises a plurality of RF channels.
 4. The basestation router of claim 1, wherein the plurality of communicationchannels comprises a plurality of digital signals, wherein each digitalsignal represents an RF channel.
 5. The base station router of claim 1,wherein redistributing the availability of the at least one sectorcomprises increasing the number of communication channels provided to afirst remote antenna unit in the first coverage zone and decreasing thenumber of communication channels provided to a second remote antennaunit in the second coverage zone.
 6. The base station router of claim 1,wherein the controller is further configured to: execute a schedulingalgorithm outputting a traffic indicator; and redistribute theavailability of the at least one sector from the first coverage zone tothe second coverage zone in response to the traffic indicator; whereinthe traffic indicator comprises a schedule indicator stored in atangible memory device.
 7. The base station router of claim 1, whereinthe controller is further configured to: identify a spectrum of signalsin the first coverage zone and the second coverage zone; determine atraffic indicator based on the spectrum of signals; and redistribute theavailability of the at least one sector from the first coverage zone tothe second coverage zone in response to the traffic indicator; whereinthe traffic indicator comprises a quantity of mobile devices in eachcoverage zone.
 8. The base station router of claim 1, furthercomprising: an interface module configured to transform signalsassociated with a plurality of sectors into digital data streams;wherein the digital signal processing circuitry is further configuredto: combine a first subset of the digital data streams associated with afirst sector into a first combined digital data stream; combine a secondsubset of the digital data streams associated with a second sector intoa second combined digital data stream; and provide the first combineddigital data stream and the second combined digital data stream to afirst zone interface card configured to communicate with a first remoteantenna unit in the first coverage zone and a second zone interface cardconfigured to communicate with a second remote antenna unit in thesecond coverage zone.
 9. A distributed antenna system, comprising: afirst remote antenna unit configured to wirelessly communicate withmobile devices located in a first coverage zone; a second remote antennaunit configured to wirelessly communicate with mobile devices located ina second coverage zone; a base station router configured to: receive asector from a base station; and distribute an availability of the sectorto the first remote antenna unit and the second remote antenna unit, thesector comprising a plurality of communication channels and representingan amount of telecommunication capacity; and an another deviceconfigured to manage an availability of additional sectors foradditional coverage zones, wherein the base station router is furtherconfigured to redistribute the availability of at least one additionalsector between at least one of: (1) the first coverage zone and thesecond coverage zone managed by the base station router; and (2) atleast one of the additional coverage zones managed by the anotherdevice, wherein redistributing the availability of the at least oneadditional sector decreases a capacity density of at least one of thefirst coverage zone and the second coverage zone managed by the basestation router and increases a capacity density of at least oneadditional coverage zone managed by the another device.
 10. Thedistributed antenna system of claim 9, wherein each communicationchannel corresponds to a signal configured to carry data.
 11. Thedistributed antenna system of claim 9, wherein the plurality ofcommunication channels comprises a plurality of RF channels.
 12. Thedistributed antenna system of claim 9, wherein the plurality ofcommunication channels comprises a plurality of digital signals, whereineach digital signal represents an RF channel.
 13. The distributedantenna system of claim 9, wherein redistributing the availability of atleast one sector comprises increasing the number of communicationchannels provided to the first remote antenna unit and decreasing thenumber of communication channels provided to the second remote antennaunit.
 14. The distributed antenna system of claim 9, wherein the basestation router is further configured to: execute a scheduling algorithmoutputting a traffic indicator; and redistribute the availability of anadditional sector from the first coverage zone to the second coveragezone in response to a traffic indicator, wherein the traffic indicatorcomprises a schedule indicator stored in a tangible memory device. 15.The distributed antenna system of claim 9, wherein the base stationrouter is further configured to: identify a spectrum of signals in thefirst coverage zone and the second coverage zone; determine a trafficindicator based on the spectrum of signals; and redistribute theavailability of the at least one sector from the first coverage zone tothe second coverage zone in response to a traffic indicator, wherein thetraffic indicator comprises a quantity of mobile devices in eachcoverage zone.
 16. The distributed antenna system of claim 9, furthercomprising: a plurality of remote antenna units in the first coveragezone; and a detection device configured to: communicate with a remoteantenna unit; and detect a received signal strength indicator associatedwith an uplink signal transmitted by an identified mobile device;wherein the base station router comprises a zone interface cardconfigured to communicate with the detection device via a referencereceiver input and is configured to determine a geographic location ofthe identified mobile device based on the respective signal strength ofthe received signal strength indicator.
 17. A method, comprising:distributing, by a base station router, an availability of a sectorreceived from a base station to a first coverage zone, the sectorcomprising a plurality of communication channels and representing anamount of telecommunication capacity; redistributing, by the basestation router, the availability of the sector from the first coveragezone to a second coverage zone; and redistributing, by the base stationrouter, an additional availability of at least one additional sectorreceived from the base station between at least one of the coveragezones managed by the base station router and at least one additionalcoverage zone managed by an another device, wherein redistributing theavailability of the at least one additional sector decreases a capacitydensity of at least one coverage zone managed by the base station routerand increases a capacity density of the at least one additional coveragezone managed by the another device.
 18. The method of claim 17, whereinredistributing the availability of at least one sector comprises:increasing the number of communication channels provided to a firstremote antenna unit in the first coverage zone; and decreasing thenumber of communication channels provided to a second remote antennaunit in the second coverage zone.
 19. The method of claim 17, furthercomprising: detecting a traffic indicator by executing a schedulingalgorithm outputting the traffic indicator; and redistributing theavailability of the sector from the first coverage zone to the secondcoverage zone in response to detecting the traffic indicator, whereinthe traffic indicator comprises a schedule indicator stored in atangible memory device.
 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:redistributing the availability of the sector from the first coveragezone to the second coverage zone in response to detecting a trafficindicator, wherein detecting the traffic indicator comprises:identifying a spectrum of signals in the first coverage zone and thesecond coverage zone; and determining the traffic indicator based on thespectrum of signals, wherein the traffic indicator comprises a quantityof mobile devices in each coverage zone.